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Nile monitor
The Nile monitor (''Varanus niloticus'') is a large member of the monitor lizard family (Varanidae) found throughout much of Africa but absent from the west where it is replaced by Varanus stellatus.〔Dowell, S.A, D.M. Portik, V. de Buffrenil, I Ineich, E Greenbaum, S.O. Kolokotronis and E.R. Hekkala. 2015. Molecular data from contemporary and historical collections reveal a complex story of cryptic diversification in the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus Species Group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.004〕 Other common names include the African small-grain lizard,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work = Encyclopedia of Life )〕 water leguaan〔(''Varanus niloticus'' ), The Reptile Database〕 or river leguaan (leguan, leguaan, and likkewaan mean monitor lizard in South African English, and can be used interchangeably).
==Description==
Nile monitors can grow to about in length, with the largest specimens attaining .〔(Nile Monitor Care Sheet )〕〔Enge, K. M., Krysko, K. L., Hankins, K. R., Campbell, T. S., & King, F. W. (2004). ''Status of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) in southwestern Florida''. Southeastern Naturalist, 3(4), 571-582.〕 In an average-sized specimen, the snout-to-vent length will be around . In body mass, adults have been reported to vary widely, one study claiming only , others state weights ranging from in big monitors. Variations may be due to age or environmental conditions.〔Condon, K. (1987). ''A kinematic analysis of mesokinesis in the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus)''. Experimental biology, 47(2), 73.〕〔Hirth & Latif 1979〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ANIMALS - Varanus niloticus )〕 Exceptionally large specimens may scale as much as , but this species weighs somewhat less on average than the bulkier rock monitor.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Nile Monitors )〕 They have muscular bodies, strong legs, and powerful jaws. Their teeth are sharp and pointed in juvenile animals and become blunt and peg-like in adults. They also possess sharp claws used for climbing, digging, defense, or tearing at their prey. Like all monitors, they have forked tongues, with highly developed olfactory properties. The Nile monitor has quite striking, but variable, skin patterns, as they are greyish-brown above with greenish-yellow barring on the tail and large, greenish-yellow rosette-like spots on their backs with a blackish tiny spot in the middle. Their throats and undersides are an ochre-yellow to a creamy-yellow, often with faint barring.〔
Their nostrils are placed high on their snouts, indicating these animals are highly aquatic. They are also excellent climbers and quick runners on land. Nile monitors feed on fish, snails, frogs, crocodile eggs and young, snakes, birds, small mammals, insects, and carrion.They are also the second largest reptile in the Nile river.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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